The performance of inertial navigation systems is largely dependent on the stable flow of external measurements and information to guarantee continuous filter updates and bind the inertial solution drift. Platforms in different operational environments may be prevented at some point from receiving external measurements, thus exposing their navigation solution to drift. Over the years, a wide variety of works have been proposed to overcome this shortcoming, by exploiting knowledge of the system current conditions and turning it into an applicable source of information to update the navigation filter. This paper aims to provide an extensive survey of information aided navigation, broadly classified into direct, indirect, and model aiding. Each approach is described by the notable works that implemented its concept, use cases, relevant state updates, and their corresponding measurement models. By matching the appropriate constraint to a given scenario, one will be able to improve the navigation solution accuracy, compensate for the lost information, and uncover certain internal states, that would otherwise remain unobservable.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are regularly used for deep ocean applications. Commonly, the autonomous navigation task is carried out by a fusion between two sensors: the inertial navigation system and the Doppler velocity log (DVL). The DVL operates by transmitting four acoustic beams to the sea floor, and once reflected back, the AUV velocity vector can be estimated. However, in real-life scenarios, such as an uneven seabed, sea creatures blocking the DVL's view and, roll/pitch maneuvers, the acoustic beams' reflection is resulting in a scenario known as DVL outage. Consequently, a velocity update is not available to bind the inertial solution drift. To cope with such situations, in this paper, we leverage our BeamsNet framework and propose a Set-Transformer-based BeamsNet (ST-BeamsNet) that utilizes inertial data readings and previous DVL velocity measurements to regress the current AUV velocity in case of a complete DVL outage. The proposed approach was evaluated using data from experiments held in the Mediterranean Sea with the Snapir AUV and was compared to a moving average (MA) estimator. Our ST-BeamsNet estimated the AUV velocity vector with an 8.547% speed error, which is 26% better than the MA approach.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Inertial and Doppler velocity log sensors are commonly used to provide the navigation solution for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). To this end, a nonlinear filter is adopted for the fusion task. The filter's process noise covariance matrix is critical for filter accuracy and robustness. While this matrix varies over time during the AUV mission, the filter assumes a constant matrix. Several models and learning approaches in the literature suggest tuning the process noise covariance during operation. In this work, we propose ProNet, a hybrid, adaptive process, noise estimation approach for a velocity-aided navigation filter. ProNet requires only the inertial sensor reading to regress the process noise covariance. Once learned, it is fed into the model-based navigation filter, resulting in a hybrid filter. Simulation results show the benefits of our approach compared to other models and learning adaptive approaches.
translated by 谷歌翻译
表面分级是在施工现场管道中的一项重要任务,这是平衡含有预倾角沙桩的不平衡区域的过程。这种劳动密集型过程通常是由任何建筑工地的关键机械工具推土机进行的。当前的自动化表面分级的尝试实现了完美的定位。但是,在实际情况下,由于代理人的感知不完善,因此该假设失败了,从而导致性能降解。在这项工作中,我们解决了不确定性下自动分级的问题。首先,我们实施模拟和缩放现实世界原型环境,以在此环境中快速策略探索和评估。其次,我们将问题形式化为部分可观察到的马尔可夫决策过程,并培训能够处理此类不确定性的代理商。我们通过严格的实验表明,经过完美本地化训练的代理人在出现本地化不确定性时会遭受降低的性能。但是,使用我们的方法培训的代理商将制定更强大的政策来解决此类错误,从而表现出更好的评分性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
移动机器人用于工业,休闲和军事应用。在某些情况下,机器人导航解决方案仅依赖于惯性传感器,因此,导航解决方案会及时漂移。在本文中,我们提出了MORPI框架,这是一种移动机器人纯惯性方法。机器人没有以直线轨迹行进,而是以周期性运动轨迹移动,以实现峰值估计。以这种方式,使用经验公式来估计行进距离,而不是进行三个集成来计算经典惯性解决方案中的机器人位置。提出了两种类型的MORPI方法,其中一种方法基于加速度计和陀螺仪读数,而另一种仅基于陀螺仪。封闭形式的分析溶液被得出表明,与经典的纯惯性溶液相比,MORPI产生较低的位置误差。此外,为了评估所提出的方法,使用配备两种类型的惯性传感器的移动机器人进行现场实验。总共收集了143个轨迹,持续时间为75分钟并评估。结果表明使用我们的方法的好处。为了促进拟议方法的进一步开发,数据集和代码均可在https://github.com/ansfl/morpi上公开获得。
translated by 谷歌翻译
自动水下车辆(AUV)执行各种应用,例如海底映射和水下结构健康监测。通常,由多普勒速度日志(DVL)提供的惯性导航系统用于提供车辆的导航解决方案。在这种融合中,DVL提供了AUV的速度向量,从而确定导航解决方案的准确性并有助于估计导航状态。本文提出了BeamsNet,这是一个端到端的深度学习框架,用于回归估计的DVL速度向量,以提高速度向量估算的准确性,并可以替代基于模型的方法。提出了两个版本的BeamsNet,其输入与网络不同。第一个使用当前的DVL光束测量和惯性传感器数据,而另一个仅利用DVL数据,对回归过程进行了当前和过去的DVL测量值。进行了模拟和海上实验,以验证相对于基于模型的方法的拟议学习方法。使用地中海的Snapir AUV进行了海洋实验,收集了大约四个小时的DVL和惯性传感器数据。我们的结果表明,提出的方法在估计DVL速度矢量方面取得了超过60%的改善。
translated by 谷歌翻译
自动水下车辆(AUV)通常在许多水下应用中使用。最近,在文献中,多旋翼无人自动驾驶汽车(UAV)的使用引起了更多关注。通常,两个平台都采用惯性导航系统(INS)和协助传感器进行准确的导航解决方案。在AUV导航中,多普勒速度日志(DVL)主要用于帮助INS,而对于无人机,通常使用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收器。辅助传感器和INS之间的融合需要在估计过程中定义步长参数。它负责解决方案频率更新,并最终导致其准确性。步长的选择在计算负载和导航性能之间构成了权衡。通常,与INS操作频率(数百个HERTZ)相比,帮助传感器更新频率要慢得多。对于大多数平台来说,这种高率是不必要的,特别是对于低动力学AUV。在这项工作中,提出了基于监督机器学习的自适应调整方案,以选择适当的INS步骤尺寸。为此,定义了一个速度误差,允许INS/DVL或INS/GNSS在亚最佳工作条件下起作用,并最大程度地减少计算负载。模拟和现场实验的结果显示了使用建议的方法的好处。此外,建议的框架可以应用于任何类型的传感器或平台之间的任何其他融合场景。
translated by 谷歌翻译
惯性导航系统与全球导航卫星系统之间的融合经常用于许多平台,例如无人机,陆地车辆和船舶船只。融合通常是在基于模型的扩展卡尔曼过滤框架中进行的。过滤器的关键参数之一是过程噪声协方差。它负责实时解决方案的准确性,因为它考虑了车辆动力学不确定性和惯性传感器质量。在大多数情况下,过程噪声被认为是恒定的。然而,由于整个轨迹的车辆动力学和传感器测量变化,过程噪声协方差可能会发生变化。为了应对这种情况,文献中建议了几种基于自适应的Kalman过滤器。在本文中,我们提出了一个混合模型和基于学习的自适应导航过滤器。我们依靠基于模型的Kalman滤波器和设计深神网络模型来调整瞬时系统噪声协方差矩阵,仅基于惯性传感器读数。一旦学习了过程噪声协方差,就可以将其插入建立的基于模型的Kalman滤波器中。在推导了提出的混合框架后,提出了使用四极管的现场实验结果,并给出了与基于模型的自适应方法进行比较。我们表明,所提出的方法在位置误差中获得了25%的改善。此外,提出的混合学习方法可以在任何导航过滤器以及任何相关估计问题中使用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
线性卡尔曼过滤器通常用于车辆跟踪。该过滤器需要了解车辆轨迹以及系统的统计数据和测量模型。在现实生活中,确定这些模型时做出的先前假设不存在。结果,总体过滤器性能降低,在某些情况下,估计的状态分歧。为了克服{车辆运动学}轨迹建模的不确定性,可以使用其他人工过程噪声或可以使用不同类型的自适应过滤器。本文提出了基于{Model和}机器学习算法的自适应Kalman滤波器。首先,使用复发性神经网络来学习车辆的几何和运动学特征。反过来,这些功能被插入监督的学习模型,从而提供了在Kalman框架中使用的实际过程噪声协方差。使用牛津机器人数据集评估了所提出的方法并将其与其他六个自适应过滤器进行了比较。提出的框架可以在其他估计问题中实现,以准确确定实时场景中的过程噪声协方差。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Are extralinguistic signals such as image pixels crucial for inducing constituency grammars? While past work has shown substantial gains from multimodal cues, we investigate whether such gains persist in the presence of rich information from large language models (LLMs). We find that our approach, LLM-based C-PCFG (LC-PCFG), outperforms previous multi-modal methods on the task of unsupervised constituency parsing, achieving state-of-the-art performance on a variety of datasets. Moreover, LC-PCFG results in an over 50% reduction in parameter count, and speedups in training time of 1.7x for image-aided models and more than 5x for video-aided models, respectively. These results challenge the notion that extralinguistic signals such as image pixels are needed for unsupervised grammar induction, and point to the need for better text-only baselines in evaluating the need of multi-modality for the task.
translated by 谷歌翻译